[POR] Tramontina - A melhor panela do Brasil - Débora Bloch

Sebastião Salgado busca harmonia entre homem e meio em exposição 'Genesis' Eu não sei dizer exatamente por que, mas gosto de elefantes.

Veja mais | Folha de S. Paulo | Opinião | BR

Agir, mas não muito

Embora descalabro sírio autorize intervenção, Estados Unidos terão de atuar sem aval da ONU e de forma pontual e limitada Intervenções estrangeiras em países conflagrados, como esta que os Estados Unidos e seus aliados pretendem realizar na Síria, são duvidosas em legitimidade e eficácia. Não deveriam ser aceitas exceto em casos extremos. O ideal seria que uma mesma lei, admitida por todos, regesse as nações --os Estados que a transgredissem seriam punidos pelo conjunto dos demais. Embora esse sonho pareça menos remoto do que no passado, as nações ainda vivem em estado de natureza; vale o poder do mais forte. A Carta da ONU conferiu a cinco países --Estados Unidos, Rússia, China, Reino Unido e França-- o direito de legitimar ações armadas, mas também deu a cada um deles o poder de veto. Raramente, por isso, o Conselho de Segurança alcança a unanimidade requerida. Também do ângulo da eficácia ressaltam percalços. Por cirúrgica que seja, uma operação dessas produz vítimas inocentes e danos colaterais. Cria uma dinâmica imprevisível no país agredido, plantando sementes de ressentimento. A terrível situação na Síria configura, porém, um dos casos em que o morticínio maciço, cruel e endêmico faculta essa solução. Ali, há dois anos e meio o ditador laico Bashar al-Assad está em guerra contra uma insurgência armada que impregnou a sociedade inteira. O déspota recebe apoio da Rússia e do Irã, razão suficiente para ser hostilizado pela Turquia e pelas potências ocidentais. A guerra civil matou mais de 100 mil pessoas e expulsou 10% da população para fora das fronteiras sírias. Atrocidades são cometidas pelo governo e pelas forças rebeldes. Parcela expressiva destas está alinhada ao extremismo islâmico. A gota d'água no sangrento impasse foi o alegado emprego de armas químicas pelo ditador no último dia 21, num ataque nas proximidades de Damasco que deixou mais de 1.400 mortos. Era essa a linha vermelha que o presidente americano, Barack Obama, fixara como limite para que seu país não interviesse. Mas os tambores da guerra tocam em surdina. Escaldados pelos atoleiros do Afeganistão (onde os EUA estavam certos) e do Iraque (onde estavam errados), os governos ocidentais tergiversam. O Parlamento britânico negou autorização ao premiê David Cameron, que se aprestava a agir. Resta o presidente francês, François Hollande, que ainda consulta o Legislativo. O próprio Obama consultará o seu, embora se declare decidido. Não precisa de autorização para uma investida que, tudo indica, será breve e limitada, destinada a garantir credibilidade às ameaças que o Prêmio Nobel da Paz de 2009 anda distribuindo.

Receita! Ceviche

" Inventem à vontade, mas, se não for cru, sólido, frio e azedinho, não é ceviche."

Um dos idealizadores da feira gastronômica "O Mercado" e da itinerante Cebicheria Gonzales, ele ensina aqui a fazer um ceviche que mistura a tilápia a sabores que encontrou no mercado Ver-o-Peso, no Pará.

Para Checho, o ceviche é um dos pratos mais representativos da América Latina. "Do sul do Chile ao norte do México há alguma receita típica".

Confira a receita do chef Checho Gonzales.

Receita
(rendimento: uma porção)

Ingredientes
180g tilápia
30 ml suco de limão
30 ml suco de graviola
6 ramos coentro
1/2 unidade chile
30 g tomate
30 g cebola-roxa
2 ramos hortelã
30 g manga
Castanha-do-pará a gosto

Modo de preparo
Com 30 ml de água, a espinha de peixe e 1 colher de chá de capim-santo faça um caldo de peixe. Reserve na geladeira.

Junte a cebola, a manga, a hortelã, a pimenta e o coentro picados com os sucos e o caldo.

Ajuste o ponto de sal e só depois junte o peixe. Verifique o sal novamente.

Sirva em uma taça com mandioquinha crocante espetada.

Se quiser, polvilhe castanha-do-pará picada por cima

Manu Chao - Me Gustas Tu

Que voy a hacer, je ne sais pas.
Que voy a hacer, je ne sais plus.
Que voy a hacer, je suis perdue.
Que horas son, mi corazón.

consequencias

Estive pensando sobre consequências e expectativas.
Só para mais uma vez confirmar que quanto mais nos focamos nos resultados, maior a probabilidade de frustração. Enquanto tenho controle sobre meus pensamentos e ações, os resultados ... ah os resultados, simplesmente me escapam....
para pensar:

“Se antes de cada acto nosso nos puséssemos a prever todas as consequências dele, a pensar nelas a sério, primeiro as imediatas, depois as prováveis, depois as possíveis, depois as imagináveis, não chegaríamos sequer a mover-nos de onde o primeiro pensamento nos tivesse feito parar.”  

“If, before every action, we were to begin by weighing up the consequences, thinking about them in earnest, first the immediate consequences, then the probable, then the possible, then the imaginable ones, we should never move beyond the point where our first thought brought us to a halt. The good and evil resulting from our words and deeds go on apportioning themselves, one assumes in a reasonably uniform and balanced way, throughout all the days to follow, including those endless days, when we shall not be here to find out, to congratulate ourselves or ask for pardon, indeed there are those who claim that this is the much talked of immortality.”
― José Saramago, Blindness    

E para continuar pensando...

The thing about real life is, when you do something stupid, it normally costs you. In books the heroes can make as many mistakes as they like. It doesn't matter what they do, because everything works out in the end. They'll beat the bad guys and put things right and everything ends up cool.
In real life, vacuum cleaners kill spiders. If you cross a busy road without looking, you get whacked by a car. If you fall from a tree, you break some bones.
Real life's nasty. It's cruel. It doesn't care about heroes and happy endings and the way things should be. In real life, bad things happen. People die. Fights are lost. Evil often wins.
I just wanted to make that clear before I begun.”
― Darren Shan, A Living Nightmare

Gonzaguinha - É / O que é, o que é?

Valor - Resenha

"É o caso de Marcus Fabiano Gonçalves, que já vai causando perplexidade a partir do título do seu novo livro: "Arame Falado" (7Letras, 2012, 134 págs.). "Arame"? Você não pensaria logo em "farpado"? Pois é, na vida cotidiana estamos sempre atrás do óbvio, o esperado, o que já "sabemos". É o que nos dá alguma segurança, não é mesmo? Então só pode ser "arame farpado", e estamos conversados. Mas não assim com a poesia, que não quer saber do óbvio e só se interessa pelo inesperado. Resultado, escondido em "arame falado" (fala = voz humana, autoexpressão, apelo ao convívio e à comunicação com o outro), o óbvio "farpado" (rispidez, hostilidade) fica reverberando, mais forte do que se tivesse sido expresso, e nós logo entendemos: a fala-comunicação entre os humanos é jogo duplo, ambiguidade.

Poesia: poder de concisão, sugerir e insinuar por meio de comparações, metáforas, associações livres, jogos verbais, em vez de ir logo dizendo "tudo", quase sempre aparência e ilusão. Não é a poesia que exige de nós tal esforço, é a realidade aí fora. O poeta nos diz: no mundo real, não tome nada ao pé da letra, vire do avesso as suas verdades, sempre que possível. Aí o falado se revelará farpado. Ou vice-versa. E acrescente algum senso de humor. (Levada a sério, a realidade nos escapa e a poesia volta a ser fuga e evasão.)

Ao olhar do poeta, a Idade da Pedra é "Idade da Perda", megera domada é "megera dopada"... Mas não só. Depois de afirmar que, embora pratique uma quantidade de jogos, "deus não joga dados, prefere o baralho", o poeta remata: "deus foi morto (de novo) pelos cientistas. disseram que ele encorajava a jogatina. (...) deus recolheu [as cartas] e não fez nada. ele não tem pressa, apenas calma. um dia ele põe suas cartas na mesa e acerta essas desavenças. enquanto isso, joga paciência". O homem? "O homem brinca de deus mas vive no tempo. e no mar ele nomeia seus medos: mar morto, mar negro, mar vermelho. o homem é água e enredo".

Acredite, leitor: você sairá deste "Arame Falado" com a sensação de que se tornou um pouco mais humano. A mesma sensação que experimentará ao ler o livro de Tarso de Melo "Caderno Inquieto" (Dobra Editorial, 2012, 70 págs.), embora aí a voz, o timbre e as referências sejam outras. Nada a estranhar: a poesia contemporânea é variada e heterogênea, não há dois poetas iguais, embora todos se pareçam, um pouco. Tal como acontece na realidade." 

Por Carlos Felipe Moisés | Para o Valor, de São Paulo

Leia mais em:

http://www.valor.com.br/cultura/2974632/dois-poetas-que-levam-verdadeira-vida#ixzz2ILKalADD

Whenever I hear somebody sigh

Life is hard...



I am tempted to ask:



Compared to What ?"

"

Both optimists and pessimists succeed or fail to the same degree - It is just that optimists have more fun on the way...

"

Egobook - A rede Anti-Social

Até pensei que era idéia original. Mas alguém já pensou antes...

TPM jan 2013

Nunca conheci quem tivesse levado porrada. Todos os meus amigos virtuais sempre têm sido campeões em tudo.

Pelo menos ali no Facebook e no Instagram.

La vie en rose é pouco. Tudo pode melhorar com o filtro certo. E tome X-Pro II, Amaro, Earlybird, Rise, Hudson, Sierra, Lo-Fi... Aí sim. O PF vira uma explosão de sabores, gato vira-lata ganha pedigree, um sorriso amarelo traz de volta a pessoa amada em três dias, a festinha dá uma animada, aquele moleque fica a cara do bebê Johnson’s e qualquer domingo no parque é promovido a uma Coney Island da mente.

E se alguém inventasse uma rede antissocial?

Isso, um cantinho da internet em que só valeria postar a vida como ela é. Nada a ver com reality show. Reality show não existe. Ou é realidade ou é show: em 99% do tempo, a gente faz tudo sempre igual. Difícil é curtir isso. Clica logo esse botão, sacode a poeira e dá a volta por cima. E as hashtags dessa distopia digital? Em vez de #fériasincríveis, um sincero #chuvanapraia. Sai #bomdia e entra #paraquem?, no lugar de #lookdodia aparece a #loucadodia.

O status traria a opção “Não tenho certeza”. Trabalho e educação? “Chato” e “ruim”. Residência? “Tô procurando, o aluguel da última ficou caro.” Idiomas? “Me viro no português e fiz quatro meses de Aliança em 1989.” E ninguém poderia escrever que seu livro de cabeceira é russo, seu filme favorito é tailandês ou que seu defeito é ser perfeccionista.

Sim, demoraria bastante para chegar a 1 bilhão de usuários.

Mas, tudo bem, ninguém precisa transformar sua timeline num mural das lamentações. Só não faria mal dar um check-in no mundo real de vez em quando. Nem que seja para lembrar que o Face é ficção, e que comparar seu dia com o post alheio é covardia. O inferno não são os outros. O inferno é acreditar que os outros estão se divertindo mais do que você.

Como lembra a reportagem “Vida perfeita só existe no Facebook”, citando o inesperado guru 2.0 e filósofo iluminista Montesquieu: “Se quiséssemos apenas ser felizes, seria fácil. Mas queremos ser mais felizes do que os outros. O que quase sempre é difícil, já que pensamos que eles são mais felizes do que realmente são”.

Aproveita as festas de final de ano para cantar com o Pulp: I eu want to quero live viver like como common people uma pessoa comum.

Fernando Luna, diretor editorial.

Última atualização Pela segunda vez, a Tpm ganha o Prêmio Esso de Jornalismo, o mais importante da mídia brasileira. Em 11 anos, foram sete indicações, um recorde entre as publicações femininas. Agora, a reportagem “Lebmra quem tmoou toads?!” levou o troféu na categoria Criação Gráfica em Revista – e é claro que a gente, orgulhosamente, vai postar isso na nossa fan page.

Presentations

 http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadpres.html 

 http://www.slideshare.net/ciprian

 http://www.slideshare.net/ciprian/ideas-on-how-to-create-powerful-presentations-1027429

 Presentations

Presentations and reports are ways of communicating ideas and information to a group. But unlike a report, a presentation carries the speaker's personality better and allows immediate interaction between all the participants.
A report is the orderly presentation of the results of the research which seeks truth and interprets facts into constructive ideas and suggestions (Gwinn, 2007). A report is normally built on research that finds, develops, or substantiates knowledge. Once all the facts are collected, they are then organized and presented in a report designed to meet a need for specific information.
A presentation is created in the same manner as a report; however, it adds one additional element — The Human Element.
A good presentation contains at least four elements:

• Content — It contains information that people need. But unlike reports, which are read at the reader's own pace, presentations must account for how much information the audience can absorb in one sitting.
• Structure — It has a logical beginning, middle, and end. It must be sequenced and paced so that the audience can understand it. Where as reports have appendices and footnotes to guide the reader, the speaker must be careful not to loose the audience when wandering from the main point of the presentation.
• Packaging — It must be well prepared. A report can be reread and portions skipped over, but with a presentation, the audience is at the mercy of a presenter.
• Human Element — A good presentation will be remembered much more than a good report because it has a person attached to it. However, you must still analyze the audience's needs to determine if they would be better met if a report was sent instead.

The Voice

The voice is probably the most valuable tool of the presenter. It carries most of the content that the audience takes away. One of the oddities of speech is that we can easily tell others what is wrong with their voice, e.g. too fast, too high, too soft, etc., but we have trouble listening to and changing our own voices.
There are five main terms used for defining vocal qualities (Grant-Williams, 2002):

• Volume: How loud the sound is. The goal is to be heard without shouting. Good speakers lower their voice to draw the audience in, and raise it to make a point.
• Tone: The characteristics of a sound. An airplane has a different sound than leaves being rustled by the wind. A voice that carries fear can frighten the audience, while a voice that carries laughter can get the audience to smile.
• Pitch: How high or low a note is. Pee Wee Herman has a high voice, Barbara Walters has a moderate voice, while James Earl Jones has a low voice.
• Pace: This is how long a sound lasts. Talking too fast causes the words and syllables to be short, while talking slowly lengthens them. Varying the pace helps to maintain the audience's interest.
• Color: Both projection and tone variance can be practiced by taking the line “This new policy is going to be exciting” and saying it first with surprise, then with irony, then with grief, and finally with anger. The key is to over-act. Remember Shakespeare's words “All the world's a stage” — presentations are the opening night on Broadway!

There are two good methods for improving your voice:
1. Listen to it! Practice listening to your voice while at home, driving, walking, etc. Then when you are at work or with company, monitor your voice to see if you are using it how you want to.
2. To really listen to your voice, cup your right hand around your right ear and gently pull the ear forward. Next, cup your left hand around your mouth and direct the sound straight into your ear. This helps you to really hear your voice as others hear it... and it might be completely different from the voice you thought it was! Now practice moderating your voice.

The Body

 Your body communicates different impressions to the audience. People not only listen to you, they also watch you. Slouching tells them you are indifferent or you do not care... even though you might care a great deal! On the other hand, displaying good posture tells your audience that you know what you are doing and you care deeply about it. Also, a good posture helps you to speak more clearly and effective.
Throughout you presentation, display (Smith, Bace, 2002).:

• Eye contact: This helps to regulate the flow of communication. It signals interest in others and increases the speaker's credibility. Speakers who make eye contact open the flow of communication and convey interest, concern, warmth, and credibility.
• Facial Expressions: Smiling is a powerful cue that transmits happiness, friendliness, warmth, and liking. So, if you smile frequently you will be perceived as more likable, friendly, warm, and approachable. Smiling is often contagious and others will react favorably. They will be more comfortable around you and will want to listen to you more.
• Gestures: If you fail to gesture while speaking, you may be perceived as boring and stiff. A lively speaking style captures attention, makes the material more interesting, and facilitates understanding.
• Posture and body orientation: You communicate numerous messages by the way you talk and move. Standing erect and leaning forward communicates that you are approachable, receptive, and friendly. Interpersonal closeness results when you and your audience face each other. Speaking with your back turned or looking at the floor or ceiling should be avoided as it communicates disinterest.
• Proximity: Cultural norms dictate a comfortable distance for interaction with others. You should look for signals of discomfort caused by invading other's space. Some of these are: rocking, leg swinging, tapping, and gaze aversion. Typically, in large rooms, space invasion is not a problem. In most instances there is too much distance. To counteract this, move around the room to increase interaction with your audience. Increasing the proximity enables you to make better eye contact and increases the opportunities for others to speak.
• Voice. One of the major criticisms of speakers is that they speak in a monotone voice. Listeners perceive this type of speaker as boring and dull. People report that they learn less and lose interest more quickly when listening to those who have not learned to modulate their voices.

Active Listening

Good speakers not only inform their audience, they also listen to them. By listening, you know if they are understanding the information and if the information is important to them. Active listening is NOT the same as hearing! Hearing is the first part and consists of the perception of sound.
 Listening, the second part, involves an attachment of meaning to the aural symbols that are perceived. Passive listening occurs when the receiver has little motivation to listen carefully. Active listening with a purpose is used to gain information, to determine how another person feels, and to understand others. Some good traits of effective listeners are:

• Spend more time listening than talking (but of course, as a presenter, you will be doing most of the talking).
• Do not finish the sentence of others.
• Do not answer questions with questions.
• Aware of biases. We all have them. We need to control them.
• Never daydream or become preoccupied with their own thoughts when others talk.
• Let the other speaker talk. Do not dominate the conversation.
• Plan responses after others have finished speaking...NOT while they are speaking. Their full concentration is on what others are saying, not on what they are going to respond with.
• Provide feedback but do not interrupt incessantly.
• Analyze by looking at all the relevant factors and asking open-ended questions. Walk the person through analysis (summarize).
• Keep the conversation on what the speaker says...NOT on what interest them.

Listening can be one of our most powerful communication tools! Be sure to use it!
Part of the listening process is getting feedback by changing and altering the message so the intention of the original communicator is understood by the second communicator. This is done by paraphrasing the words of the sender and restating the sender's feelings or ideas in your own words, rather than repeating their words. Your words should be saying, “This is what I understand your feelings to be, am I correct?” It not only includes verbal responses, but also nonverbal ones. Nodding your head or squeezing their hand to show agreement, dipping your eyebrows to show you don't quite understand the meaning of their last phrase, or sucking air in deeply and blowing out hard shows that you are also exasperated with the situation.
Carl Rogers (1957) listed five main categories of feedback (Demos, Zuwaylif, 1962). They are listed in the order in which they occur most frequently in daily conversations (notice that we make judgments more often than we try to understand):

1. Evaluative: Makes a judgment about the worth, goodness, or appropriateness of the other person's statement.
2. Interpretive: Paraphrasing to explain what another person's statement mean.
3. Supportive: Attempt to assist or bolster the other communicator
4. Probing: Attempt to gain additional information, continue the discussion, or clarify a point.
5. Understanding: Attempt to discover completely what the other communicator means by her statements.

Nerves

The main enemy of a presenter is tension, which ruins the voice, posture, and spontaneity. The voice becomes higher as the throat tenses. Shoulders tighten up and limits flexibility while the legs start to shake and causes unsteadiness. The presentation becomes canned as the speaker locks in on the notes and starts to read directly from them. 
First, do not fight nerves, welcome them! Then you can get on with the presentation instead of focusing in on being nervous. Actors recognize the value of nerves...they add to the value of the performance. This is because adrenaline starts to kick in. It's a left over from our ancestors' “fight or flight” syndrome. If you welcome nerves, then the presentation becomes a challenge and you become better. If you let your nerves take over, then you go into the flight mode by withdrawing from the audience. Again, welcome your nerves, recognize them, let them help you gain that needed edge! Do not go into the flight mode! When you feel tension or anxiety, remember that everyone gets them, but the winners use them to their advantage, while the losers get overwhelmed by them.
Tension can be reduced by performing some relaxation exercises. Listed below are a couple to get you started:

• Before the presentation: Lie on the floor. Your back should be flat on the floor. Pull your feet towards you so that your knees are up in the air. Relax. Close your eyes. Feel your back spreading out and supporting your weight. Feel your neck lengthening. Work your way through your body, relaxing one section at a time — your toes, feet, legs, torso, etc. When finished, stand up slowly and try to maintain the relaxed feeling in a standing position.
• If you cannot lie down: Stand with you feet about 6 inches apart, arms hanging by your sides, and fingers unclenched. Gently shake each part of your body, starting with your hands, then arms, shoulders, torso, and legs. Concentrate on shaking out the tension. Then slowly rotate your shoulders forwards and the backwards. Move on to your head. Rotate it slowly clockwise, and then counter-clockwise.
• Mental Visualization: Before the presentation, visualize the room, audience, and you giving the presentation. Mentally go over what you are going to do from the moment you start to the end of the presentation.
• During the presentation: Take a moment to yourself by getting a drink of water, take a deep breath, concentrate on relaxing the most tense part of your body, and then return to the presentation saying to your self, “I can do it!”
• You do NOT need to get rid of anxiety and tension! Channel the energy into concentration and expressiveness.
• Know that anxiety and tension is not as noticeable to the audience as it is to you.
• Know that even the best presenters make mistakes. The key is to continue on after the mistake. If you pick up and continue, so will the audience. Winners continue! Losers stop!
• Never drink alcohol to reduce tension! It affects not only your coordination but also your awareness of coordination. You might not realize it, but your audience will!

Questioning

Keep cool if a questioner disagrees with you. You are a professional! No matter how hard you try, not everyone in the world will agree with you!

Although some people get a perverse pleasure from putting others on the spot, and some try to look good in front of the boss, most people ask questions from a genuine interest. Questions do not mean you did not explain the topic good enough, but that their interest is deeper than the average audience.
  Always allow time at the end of the presentation for questions. After inviting questions, do not rush ahead if no one asks a question. Pause for about 6 seconds to allow the audience to gather their thoughts. When a question is asked, repeat the question to ensure that everyone heard it (and that you heard it correctly). When answering, direct your remarks to the entire audience. That way, you keep everyone focused, not just the questioner. To reinforce your presentation, try to relate the question back to the main points.
Make sure you listen to the question being asked. If you do not understand it, ask them to clarify. Pause to think about the question as the answer you give may be correct, but ignore the main issue. If you do not know the answer, be honest, do not waffle. Tell them you will get back to them... and make sure you do!
Answers that last 10 to 40 seconds work best. If they are too short, they seem abrupt; while longer answers appear too elaborate. Also, be sure to keep on track. Do not let off-the-wall questions sidetrack you into areas that are not relevant to the presentation.
If someone takes issue with something you said, try to find a way to agree with part of their argument. For example, “Yes, I understand your position...” or “I'm glad you raised that point, but...” The idea is to praise their point and agree with them as audiences sometimes tend to think of “us verses you.” You do not want to risk alienating them.

Preparing the Presentation

After a concert, a fan rushed up to famed violinist Fritz Kreisler and gushed, “I'd give up my whole life to play as beautifully as you do.” Kreisler replied, “I did.”

To fail to prepare is to prepare to fail

The first step of a great presentations is preplanning. Preparing for a presentation basically follows the same guidelines as a meeting (a helpful guide on preparing and conducting a meeting, such as acquiring a room, informing participants, etc.)
  The second step is to prepare the presentation. A good presentation starts out with introductions and may include an icebreaker such as a story, interesting statement or fact, or an activity to get the group warmed up. The introduction also needs an objective, that is, the purpose or goal of the presentation. This not only tells you what you will talk about, but it also informs the audience of the purpose of the presentation.
Next, comes the body of the presentation. Do NOT write it out word for word. All you want is an outline. By jotting down the main points on a set of index cards, you not only have your outline, but also a memory jogger for the actual presentation. To prepare the presentation, ask yourself the following:

• What is the purpose of the presentation?
• Who will be attending?
• What does the audience already know about the subject?
• What is the audience's attitude towards me (e.g. hostile, friendly)?

A 45 minutes talk should have no more than about seven main points. This may not seem like very many, but if you are to leave the audience with a clear picture of what you have said, you cannot expect them to remember much more than that. There are several options for structuring the presentation:

• Timeline: Arranged in sequential order.
• Climax: The main points are delivered in order of increasing importance.
• Problem/Solution: A problem is presented, a solution is suggested, and benefits are then given.
• Classification: The important items are the major points.
• Simple to complex: Ideas are listed from the simplest to the most complex. Can also be done in reverse order.

You want to include some visual information that will help the audience understand your presentation. Develop charts, graphs, slides, handouts, etc.
After the body, comes the closing. This is where you ask for questions, provide a wrap-up (summary), and thank the participants for attending.

Notice that you told them what they are about to hear (the objective), told them (the body), and told them what they heard (the wrap up).
And finally, the important part — practice, practice, practice. The main purpose of creating an outline is to develop a coherent plan of what you want to talk about. You should know your presentation so well, that during the actual presentation, you should only have to briefly glance at your notes to ensure you are staying on track. This will also help you with your nerves by giving you the confidence that you can do it. Your practice session should include a live session by practicing in front of coworkers, family, or friends. They can be valuable at providing feedback and it gives you a chance to practice controlling your nerves. Another great feedback technique is to make a video or audio tape of your presentation and review it critically with a colleague.

Habits

We all have a few habits, and some are more annoying than others. For example, if we say “uh”, “you know,” or put our hands in our pockets and jingle our keys too often during a presentation, it distracts from the message we are trying to get across.
The best way to break one of these distracting habits is with immediate feedback. This can be done with a small group of coworkers, family, or friends. Take turns giving small off-the-cuff talks about your favorite hobby, work project, first work assignment, etc. The talk should last about five minutes. During a speaker's first talk, the audience should listen and watch for annoying habits.
After the presentation, the audience should agree on the worst two or three habits that take the most away from the presentation. After agreement, each audience member should write these habits on a 8 1/2 "x 11" sheet of paper (such as the word “Uh”). Use a magic marker and write in BIG letters.
The next time the person gives her or his talk, each audience member should wave the corresponding sign in the air whenever they hear or see the annoying habit. For most people, this method will break a habit by practicing at least once a day for one to two weeks.

Slides

Your slides should not only be engaging, but also easy to understand quickly (Reynolds, 2008). Think “Visual” — such as pictures, charts, and drawings that support what you will be speaking about. You want the slides to support and clarify the story you will be telling rather than simply be redundant text that mimics what you are saying.

Paint a Picture to Tell a Story

Making bad slides is easy... and all too common, thus you need to invest in not only your slides, but also in your visual presentation (Duarte, 2008).
Resources for making better slide show presentations:

• Ideas on how to create powerful presentations
• Death by PowerPoint
• Slide:ology
• Presentation Zen

Tips and Techniques For Great Presentations

Eleanor Roosevelt was a shy young girl who was terrified at the thought of speaking in public. But with each passing year, she grew in confidence and self-esteem. She once said, “No one can make you feel inferior, unless you agree with it.”

• If you have handouts, do not read straight from them. The audience does not know if they should read along with you or listen to you read.
• Do not put both hands in your pockets for long periods of time. This tends to make you look unprofessional. It is OK to put one hand in a pocket but ensure there is no loose change or keys to jingle around. This will distract the listeners.
• Do not wave a pointer around in the air like a wild knight branding a sword to slay a dragon. Use the pointer for what it is intended and then put it down, otherwise the audience will become fixated upon your “sword”, instead upon you.
• Do not lean on the podium for long periods. The audience will begin to wonder when you are going to fall over.
• Speak to the audience...NOT to the visual aids, such as flip charts or overheads. Also, do not stand between the visual aid and the audience.
• Speak clearly and loudly enough for all to hear. Do not speak in a monotone voice. Use inflection to emphasize your main points.
• The disadvantages of presentations is that people cannot see the punctuation and this can lead to misunderstandings. An effective way of overcoming this problem is to pause at the time when there would normally be punctuation marks.
• Learn the name of each participant as quickly as possible. Based upon the atmosphere you want to create, call them by their first names or by using Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms.
• Tell them what name and title you prefer to be called.
• Listen intently to comments and opinions. By using a lateral thinking technique (adding to ideas rather than dismissing them), the audience will feel that their ideas, comments, and opinions are worthwhile.
• Circulate around the room as you speak. This movement creates a physical closeness to the audience.
• List and discuss your objectives at the beginning of the presentation. Let the audience know how your presentation fits in with their goals. Discuss some of the fears and apprehensions that both you and the audience might have. Tell them what they should expect of you and how you will contribute to their goals.
• Vary your techniques (lecture, discussion, debate, films, slides, reading, etc.)
• Get to the presentation before your audience arrives; be the last one to leave.
• Be prepared to use an alternate approach if the one you've chosen seems to bog down. You should be confident enough with your own material so that the audience's interests and concerns, not the presentation outline, determines the format. Use your background, experience, and knowledge to interrelate your subject matter.
• When writing on flip charts use no more than 7 lines of text per page and no more than 7 word per line (the 7 x 7 rule). Also, use bright and bold colors, and pictures as well as text.
• Consider the time of day and how long you have got for your talk. Time of day can affect the audience. After lunch is known as the graveyard section in training and speaking circles as audiences will feel more like a nap than attending a presentation.
• Most people find that if they practice in their head, the actual talk will take about 25 percent longer. Using a flip chart or other visual aids also adds to the time. Remember — it is better to finish slightly early than to overrun.

Next Steps

Next chapter, Strategy & Tactics
Main Leadership Menu

References

Demos, G. D., & Zuwaylif, F. (1962). Counselor attitudes in relation to the
theoretical positions of their supervisors. Counselor Education and Supervision, 8-11.
Duarte, N. (2008). Slide:ology. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media.
Gwinn, A. (2007). Business Reports - Investigation and Presentation. Philadelphia: Saunders Press.
Grant-Williams, R. (2002). Voice Power: Using Your Voice to Captivate, Persuade, and Command Attention. New York: AMACOM.
Reynolds, G. (2008). Presentation Zen. Berkeley, CA: New Riders.
Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 2A,95-103.
Smith, F. C., Bace, R. G. (2002). A Guide to Forensic Testimony: The Art and Practice of Presenting Testimony As An Expert Technical Witness. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley Professional

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